Mechanical evidence of cervical facet capsule injury during whiplash: a cadaveric study using combined shear, compression, and extension loading.
نویسندگان
چکیده
STUDY DESIGN A comparison of cervical facet capsule strain fields in cadaveric motion segments exposed to whiplash-like loads and failure loads. OBJECTIVES To compare the maximum principal strain in the facet capsular ligament under combined shear, bending, and compressive loads with those required to injure the ligament. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The cervical facet capsular ligament is thought to be an anatomic site for whiplash injury, although the mechanism of its injury remains unclear. METHODS Motion segments from seven female donors were exposed to quasi-static flexibility tests using posterior shear loads of 135 N applied to the superior vertebra under four compressive axial preloads up to 325 N. The right facet joint was then isolated and failed in posterior shear loading. The Lagrangian strain field in the right facet capsular ligament was calculated from capsular displacements determined by stereophotogrammetry. Statistical analyses examined the effect of axial compression on motion segment flexibility, and compared maximum principal capsular strain between the flexibility and failure tests. RESULTS Capsular strain increased with applied shear load but did not vary with axial compressive load. The maximum principal strain reached during the flexibility tests was 61% +/- 33% of that observed in subcatastrophic failures of the isolated joints. Two specimens reached strains in their flexibility tests that were larger than their corresponding strains at subcatastrophic failure in the failure tests. CONCLUSIONS The cervical facet capsular ligaments may be injured under whiplash-like loads of combined shear, bending, and compression. The results provide a mechanical basis for injury caused by whiplash loading.
منابع مشابه
Head-turned postures increase the risk of cervical facet capsule injury during whiplash.
STUDY DESIGN In vitro experiments using cadaveric cervical spine motion segments to quantify facet capsular ligament strain during whiplash-like loading. OBJECTIVE To quantify facet capsule strains during whiplash-like loading with an axial intervertebral prerotation simulating an initial head-turned posture and to then compare these strains to previously-published strains for partial failure...
متن کاملInjury Biomechanics Research
The cervical facet joints are a source of pain in some chronic whiplash patients. Clinical data show that a head-turned posture increases the severity and duration of whiplash-related symptoms. The objective of this study was to quantify strains in the facet capsule during whiplash-like loading with an axial intervertebral pre-torque simulating an initial head-turned posture. These strains were...
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The cervical facet joint has been identified as a source of neck pain, and its capsular ligament is a likely candidate for injury during whiplash. Many studies have shown that the mechanical properties of ligaments can be altered by subfailure injury. However, the subfailure mechanical response of the facet capsular ligament has not been well defined, particularly in the context of physiology a...
متن کاملCervical facet capsular ligament yield defines the threshold for injury and persistent joint-mediated neck pain.
The cervical facet joint has been identified as a source of neck pain, and its capsular ligament is a likely candidate for injury during whiplash. Many studies have shown that the mechanical properties of ligaments can be altered by subfailure injury. However, the subfailure mechanical response of the facet capsular ligament has not been well defined, particularly in the context of physiology a...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Spine
دوره 26 19 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2001